What is hantavirus and why has it been detected on an Atlantic cruise ship?

A suspected outbreak of hantavirus has been
reported aboard the MV Hondius, prompting an investigation by the World Health
Organization.
What happened on the cruise ship?
The vessel, which was travelling from Argentina
to Cape Verde, has been linked to three deaths, according to the WHO.
Only one case of hantavirus has been formally
confirmed so far, while five additional suspected cases are under
investigation. Health authorities and laboratory experts are conducting what
the WHO described as "detailed investigations" to determine the
source and scale of the potential outbreak, says the BBC.
What is hantavirus?
Hantavirus refers to a group of viruses carried
primarily by rodents. Humans are typically infected through inhaling airborne
particles contaminated with rodent urine, droppings or saliva. Less commonly,
transmission can occur through bites or scratches.
The virus is not usually spread between people.
What illnesses does it cause?
Hantavirus infections can lead to two main types
of disease:
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS): Found
mainly in the Americas, it begins with symptoms such as fatigue, fever, muscle
aches and headaches. In severe cases, it progresses to respiratory failure and
has a mortality rate of about 38%.
Haemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS):
More common in Europe and Asia, this form affects the kidneys and can cause
internal bleeding, low blood pressure and acute kidney failure.
How widespread is it?
Hantavirus is considered a global health
concern. Around 150,000 cases of HFRS are estimated to occur each year, with
more than half reported in China.
In the United States, 890 hantavirus cases were
recorded between 1993 and 2023.
One strain, known as the Seoul virus, is carried
by Norway rats and is found worldwide.
Are there recent cases?
In February 2025, Betsy Arakawa died from HPS
after reported exposure to rodent nests and dead rodents at her home,
highlighting the risks associated with contact with contaminated environments.
Is there a treatment?
There is no specific cure for hantavirus
infection. Treatment focuses on supportive care, including oxygen therapy,
mechanical ventilation in severe respiratory cases, antiviral medication in
some instances, and dialysis for kidney complications.
How can it be prevented?
Prevention centres on reducing exposure to
rodents. Measures include sealing entry points in homes, especially in attics
and basements, and using protective equipment when cleaning areas where rodent
droppings may be present to avoid inhaling contaminated particles.
















